population palestine 1948

Over the last seventy years or so, a complex mythology has grown up around events in the Middle East in 1948 They were, however, allowed to attend Egyptian universities and, at times, to elect local officials. 1517. In 1948 Amīn al-Ḥusaynī declared a Government of All Palestine in the Gaza Strip. All figures following 1931 are estimates; most figures as of Dec. 31 of each year. April 1948 (Photo: AFP) For further reference, see our previously released fact sheets, The Nakba: 65 Years of Dispossession and Apartheid, and The 65th Plan Dalet: Blueprint for Ethnic Cleansing. Report and general abstract of the Jewish. Source: Esco Foundation (1947. During the 20 years the Gaza Strip was under Egyptian control (1948–67), it remained little more than a reservation. Most of Palestine's population, estimated to be around 200,000 in the early years of Ottoman rule, lived in villages. At this time, a number of disparate Jewish groups in Europe had begun cooperating to begin modest agricultural settlement in historic Palestine. Both the demographic statistics themselves, as well as the history of Jewish emigration to Palestine in the 1930s tell an important story. It is known that the Arab population of Palestine doubled during the British Mandate era, from 670,000 in 1922 to over 1.2 million in 1948, and there has been considerable debate over the subject on how much of this growth was due to natural increase, as opposed to immigration. 295,000 ~300,000. Students were not required to have immigration certificates to study in Palestine, so many enrolled at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and then remained in the country. Between 160,000 and 190,000 fled to the Gaza Strip. With the Arab world in a period of renaissance popularizing notions of Arab unity and nationalism amid the decline of the Ottoman Empire, most saw themselves as part of the larger Arab or Muslim community. Emigration and Population Statistics of Palestine The below estimates are based primarily on the reports of the British Mandate for Palestine and the Mandatory censuses, conducted only in 1922 and 1931. Apart from Jewish immigration there was also considerable Arab immigration (partly related to the economic impetus the Jews immigrants supplied to the land). In 1936, responding to the growing Jewish population, Palestinian Arabs led an armed revolt against the British and Jews in Palestine. CJPME Factsheet 7, published July, 2004: This Factsheet Provides demographic information of Historical Palestine prior to 1948 in an effort to tell the often erased story of Palestine's idigenous people. Many wealthy merchants and leading urban notables from Jaffa, Tel Aviv, Haifa, and Jerusalem fled to Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan, while the middle class tended to move to all-Arab towns such as Nāblus and Nazareth. However, if we add the elusive 50,000 Bedouin of the Negev, who do not appear in the 1946 figures, and apparently did not exist or could not be counted, the numbers would be larger. All figures following 1931 are estimates; most figures as of Dec. 31 of each year. From the period of the Crusades to the beginning of modern times, the population of Palestine remained at a near constant level.2This apparent stability is significant, as populations naturally tend to increase over time. Palestinians constituted about two-thirds of the population of Jordan. The term nakba, implying in Arabic one of the world's greatest disasters and first em… However, tensions soon developed between original Jordanian citizens and the better-educated, more skilled newcomers. As citizens of the State of Israel, in theory they were guaranteed equal religious and civil rights with Jews. Because much of their land was confiscated, Arabs were forced to abandon agriculture and become unskilled wage labourers, working in Jewish industries and construction companies. The centre of Palestinian life shifted to the Arab towns of the hilly eastern portion of the region—which was immediately west of the Jordan River and came to be called the West Bank. Although the camps strengthened family and village ties, their demoralized inhabitants were isolated from mainstream Palestinian political activities during the 1950s. Thus, in 1934, the Vallos became the first chartered immigration ship to arrive in Palestine, carrying 350 Jews. The Arabs living in Palestine had never had a separate state. Half the seats in the Jordanian Chamber of Deputies were reserved for representatives from the West Bank, but this measure and similar attempts to integrate the West Bank with the area lying east of the Jordan River were made difficult by the significant social, economic, educational, and political differences between the residents of each. This group represented about one-eighth of all Palestinians and by 1952 roughly the same proportion of the Israeli population. Others arrived as tourists, and never returned to their former countries. More than one-fifth of Palestinian Arabs left Palestine altogether. Not a Jewish State" . Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, The Herodian house and the Roman procurators, The partition of Palestine and its aftermath, Diverging histories for Palestinian Arabs, The role of Palestinians outside formerly mandated Palestine, The Arab-Israeli war of 1967 and its consequences, The PLO’s struggle for Palestinian autonomy, Palestinians and the civil war in Lebanon, Negotiations, violence, and incipient self-rule, Split administration of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, Blockade and 2008 conflict in the Gaza Strip, Palestinian Authority bid for statehood recognition, United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. Approximately 150,000 Arabs remained in Israel when the Israeli state was founded. On 9 July 1948, Israeli forces broke the first truce of the war. President of the 10th Zionist Congress, Basle 1911 - nearly 14 years after Herzl's declaration. The Palestinian population has grown dramatically. More than one-fifth of Palestinian Arabs left Palestine altogether. The majority of fellahin ended up in refugee camps. Towards the end of this war, the Turks were defeated by the British forces led by General Allenby. Palestinians who continued to live in refugee camps felt a greater sense of alienation and dislocation than the more fortunate ones who found jobs and housing and became integrated into the national economies of the countries in which they resided. More than 400 Arab villages disappeared, and Arab life in the coastal cities (especially Jaffa and Haifa) virtually disintegrated. Israel sought to impede the development of a cohesive national consciousness among the Palestinians by dealing with various minority groups, such as Druze, Circassians, and Bedouin; by hindering the work of the Muslim religious organizations; by arresting and harassing individuals suspected of harbouring nationalist sentiments; and by focusing on education as a means of creating a new Israeli Arab identity. Jewish emigration to historic Palestine grew over the first decades of the 20th century, especially during the 1930s. Poverty and social misery became characteristic of life in the region. In 1935 alone, almost 5,000 Jews entered the county illegally through these various means. The violent birth of Israel led to a major displacement of the Arab population, who either were driven out by Zionist military forces before May 15, 1948, or by the Israeli army after that date or fled for fear of violence by these forces. Palestinians found employment in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and the Persian Gulf states, but only a few were able to become citizens of those countries. Initially refugees in the improvised camps lived in tents, but after 1958 these were replaced by small houses of concrete blocks with iron roofs. Israel was established in May 1948. Ottoman property administration consisted of a system of fiefs called timar and trusts called waqf. It provided education and, in 1949, extended citizenship to Palestinians; indeed, a majority of all Palestinians became Jordanian citizens. Work was scarce, even though UNRWA sought to integrate the Palestinians into the depressed economies of the “host” countries. Like everything else in the Arab-Israeli conflict, population figures are hotly disputed. For several centuries during the Ottoman period the population in Palestine declined and fluctuated between 150,000 and 250,000 inhabitants, and it was only in the 19th century that a rapid population growth began to occur. The history of the Palestinian exodus is closely tied to the events of the war in Palestine, which lasted from 1947 to 1949, and to the political events preceding it. Many also sought to ameliorate their circumstances through electoral participation, education, and economic integration. ©2007-2017 CJPME. In May 1950 UNRWA established a total of 53 refugee “camps” on both sides of the Jordan River and in the Gaza Strip, Lebanon, and Syria to assist the 650,000 or more Arab refugees it calculated needed help. The Gaza Strip, 25 miles (40 km) long and 4–5 miles (6–8 km) wide, became one of the most densely populated areas of the world, with more than four-fifths of its population urban. These groups first came together formally in 1897 for the first Zionist Conference in Basel, Switzerland. Demographics of Palestine under the Ottomans. By the time WWII had begun, tens of thousands of Jewish immigrants had arrived illegally in Palestine by ship. The Arabs of Palestine began widely using the term Palestinian starting in the pre-World War I period to indicate the nationalist concept of a Palestinian people. Immediately with the declaration of the independent State of Israel in 1948 the First Arab-Israeli War began; a considerable part of the Palestinian Arab population had left the areas with a heavy Jewish population, on the advice of Arab leaders to make place for the Arab armies; others had left due to Israeli acts to terrorize the Arab population (Deir Yassin; see Palestinian Exile). In 1939, concerned with the rising tensions in Palestine due to the massive Jewish immigration – both legal and illegal – the British government issued Parliamentary Document 6019, slated to limit the Jewish population in Palestine to no more than one third the total. By the mid-1950s, the Palestinian population inside Israel had become about 195,000. 5,000. Nevertheless, with increased persecution of Jews in Europe, many Jews were not willing to wait years for immigration certificates. In September 1949, the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine estimated 711,000 Palestinian refugees existed outside Israel, with about one-quarter of the estimated 160,000 Palestinian Arabs remaining in Israel as "internal refugees". population movements, 1948-1951 THE SUEZ WAR, 1956 LAND OWNERSHIP IN PALESTINE AND THE UN PARTITION PLAN - PALESTINIAN DEPOPULATED AND DESTROYED VILLAGES, 1948-1949 Conditions were extremely harsh; often several families had to share one tent, and exposure to the extreme winter and summer temperatures inflicted additional suffering. Thus, in the 1920s, the British restricted Jewish immigration by fixing quotas and authorizing certain Jewish organizations to distribute immigration certificates as they saw fit. Ottoman census figures were for various districts, e.g. Wealthy Palestinians lived in the towns of the eastern and western sides of the Jordan River, competing for positions within the government, while the fellahin filled the UN refugee camps. Zionists trumpeted the falsehood widely: “A land without a people, for a people without a land.”  While this slogan encouraged Jewish emigration to historic Palestine, it also paved the way for one of the largest dispossessions in modern history. 1.7%. Zionist momentum made the dispossession of Palestinian communities an inevitable part of the state of Israel's establishment in 1948. The Acre district included areas in Lebanon, outside the borders of historic Palestine; 2) Both Arabs and Jews avoided the Turkish census for three reasons: a) to avoid taxes, b) to avoid military conscription, and c) to avoid questions of illegal residence; 3) The census figures didn’t include Bedouins and foreign subjects (i.e. Ever since the founding of the Zionist movement, supporters of Zionism have downplayed the fact that historic Palestine had always had a healthy indigenous population. Some 276,000 moved to the West Bank; by 1949 more than half the prewar Arab population of Palestine lived in the West Bank (from 400,000 in 1947 to more than 700,000). The rate of unemployment was high; many of the Palestinians lived in refugee camps, depending primarily on UN aid (see below). A dynamic population : In effect, from the end of the 1860s to the beginning of the 1880s, Palestine’s population grew, reaching 470,000 residents in 1882. 1922-1946: Total population and Jews – S. Abu Sitta (2010). Most of them remained politically quiescent, and many acquiesced to the reality of an Israel governed according to the ideology of Zionism. Palestinians living in the region were denied citizenship, which rendered them stateless (i.e., it left them without citizenship of any nation), and they were allowed little real control over local administration. Palestine was absorbed into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 and remained under the rule of the Turks until World War One. individuals with foreign citizenship, without Ottoman residency status) of which there were about 10,000 Jews. Although the refugees were provided with rent-free accommodations and basic services such as water, health care, and education (UNRWA ran both elementary and secondary schools in the camps, teaching more than 40,000 students by 1951), poverty and misery were widespread. The Jewish community found other ways to emigrate to Palestine, exploiting loopholes in the Mandatory government’s immigration regulations. À l'heure actuelle, la diaspora palestinienne compte environ 6 millions d'individus. Era: British Mandate (1920—1948) Further reading. The Palestinians sa… Young women entered the country claiming fictitious marriages to Palestinian residents. Henceforth the term Palestinian will be used when referring to the Arabs of the former mandated Palestine, excluding Israel. 1947: Palestinians – S. Abu Sitta (pers. This was an attempt to resolve the Arab-Jewish conflict by partitioning Palestine into Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Spe… Population data on the Ottoman Palestinians are limited, but they are sufficient to provide reasonable approximations of total population. The majority of them lived in villages in western Galilee. In December 1949 the UN General Assembly created the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) to assist the Palestinian refugees. It is known that the population of Palestine increased greatly between, say, 1880 and 1948. Most of the agricultural lands they had formerly worked were now inaccessible, and little or no industry was allowed, but commerce flourished as Gaza became a kind of duty-free port for Egyptians. Palestine prior to 1948 Factsheet Series No. Als Nakba (arabisch النكبة, DMG an-Nakba, hebräisch הקטסטרופה), deutsch Katastrophe oder Unglück, wird im arabischen Sprachgebrauch die Flucht und Vertreibung von etwa 700.000 arabischen Palästinensern aus dem früheren britischen Mandatsgebiet Palästina bezeichnet, das zu einem Teil am 14. This increase corresponds with a greater sense of safety in Palestine (with the exception of the 1876-78 Balkan war period), a spreading/increase of agricultural production, a consequent increase in the value of exports and better sanitary and medical … The 1948 Palestinian exodus, also known as the Nakba (Arabic: النكبة‎, al-Nakbah, literally "disaster", "catastrophe", or "cataclysm"), occurred when more than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs – about half of prewar Palestine's Arab population – fled or were expelled from their homes, during the 1948 Palestine war. the Jerusalem, Acco and Nablus districts. Herzl missed his goal by only 1 year. Die PLO strebt unter Führung von Mahmud Abbas, dessen Präsidentschaft eines Staates Palästina von seiner Rolle als Präsident der Palästinensischen Autonomiebehörde getrennt ist,[10] die Anerkennung eines Staates Palästina als Vollmitglied bei den Vereinten Nationen sowie die volle Souveränität über die beanspruchten Gebiete an. "The aim of Zionism is the erection for the Jewish people of a publicly recognised, legally secured home in Palestine. General Facts & Figures . In reality, however, until 1966 they lived under a military jurisdiction that imposed severe restrictions on their political options and freedom of movement. The Arab population also grew during this period, due to a combination of high birthrates, British recruitment of workers from Syria, and workers from the Trans-Jordan lured by higher wages. Pre-Arab/Islamic influences on the Palestinian national identity com. The largest cities were Gaza, Safad and Jerusalem, each with a population of around 5,000–6,000. Some 276,000 moved to the West Bank; by 1949 more than half the prewar Arab population of Palestine lived in the West Bank (from 400,000 in 1947 to more than 700,000). Nearly 1,400,000 Arabs lived in Palestine when the war broke out. CJPME Factsheet 7, published July, 2004: This Factsheet Provides demographic information of Historical Palestine prior to 1948 in an effort to tell the often erased story of Palestine's idigenous people. If we add 3% for natural increase, a very high estimate, we would arrive at 1,274,450 persons at the beginning of 1948. It should be noted that many of these persecuted European Jews were illegal immigrants according to the Government of Palestine, which ceased to exist as of May 14th, 1948. Over the next four days they expelled some 33,000 Palestinians from Lydda and Ramleh, after massacring hundreds in one of the most infamous and brutal ‘operations’ of … Often they were the victims of discrimination, as well as being closely supervised by the respective governments intent on limiting their political activities. On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution "recommending to the United Kingdom, as the mandatory Power for Palestine, and to all other Members of the United Nations the adoption and implementation, with regard to the future government of Palestine, of the Plan of Partition with Economic Union", UN General Assembly Resolution 181(II). About 100,000 of these went to Lebanon, 100,000 to Jordan, between 75,000 and 90,000 to Syria, 7,000 to 10,000 to Egypt, and 4,000 to Iraq. The Zionist Movement has long called Palestine “A land without a people, for a people without a land,” a slogan that galvanised Jews to move to Palestine and eventually led to the large-scale displacement of indigenous Palestinians. Nevertheless, the Ottoman census of 1878 indicated the following demographics for the Jerusalem, Nablus, and Acre districts: Palestinian Demographics under the British Mandate Government. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Estimates of the number of Arabs displaced from their original homes, villages, and neighbourhoods during the period from December 1947 to January 1949 range from about 520,000 to about 1,000,000; there is general consensus, however, that the actual number was more than 600,000 and likely exceeded 700,000. Total Population % Jewish. The population of Ottoman “Palestine” is difficult to estimate because: 1) There was no administrative district of Palestine. In the peace talks that followed the end of the war, parts of the O… 1948: 806,000: 1972: 3,225,000: 1996: 5,689,000: 1949: 1,174,000: 1973: 3,338,000: 1997: … Palestine is the name (first referred to by the Ancient Greeks) of an area in the Middle East situated between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. While the British intercepted some of the ships, almost all of the immigrants were eventually able to settle in Palestine. Inwieweit die derzeit von der PLO kontrollierte Autonomiebehörde verwaltungs- und regierungstechnisch in einem solchen Staat aufgehen oder abgelöst werden soll, ist G…

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